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Hypoxia - Histotoxic and Anemic hypoxia, Hypercapnia & brain injuries   Click Here To JOIN Quiz   Opioid receptors   are stimulated by endogenous endorphins, which usually cause analgesia and feelings of well-being. Opioids are used clinically, mainly as analgesics. Opioids differ in their receptor activity, and some (eg, buprenorphine) have combined agonist and antioxidant actions.  Exogenous opioids can be taken by almost any route: orally, intravenously, subcutaneously, internally, through the nasal membrane, or inhaling as smoke. Peak effects reach about 10 minutes after IV injection, 10 to 15 minutes after nasal insufficiency, and 90 to 120 minutes after oral ingestion, although peak effects and duration of effect vary greatly depending on the specific drug it occurs.   Histotoxic hypoxia: -   Histotoxic hypoxia (also referred to as histo-toxic hypoxia) is that the inability of cells to require or use oxygen from the bloodstream, despite physically...

  Test task:   1. Due to air pollution from exhaust gases and industrial fumes, hypoxia develops: A. exogenous B. respiratory B. hemic G. fabric D. endogenous   2. For exogenous hypoxia is characteristic A. increased hemoglobin oxygen saturation B. hypercapnia C. hypoxemia, hypocapnia D. increased blood oxygen capacity E. high arterio-venous oxygen difference   3. For respiratory hypoxia is characteristic A. high oxygen tension in the venous bed B. increased arterio-venous oxygen difference C. hyperoxia D. high percentage of oxygen saturation Hb in arterial blood E. reduced MS O2 in arterial blood   4. The reasons for the development of circulatory hypoxia in heart attack are: A. reduced myocardial contractility B. reduced blood oxygen capacity C. blockade of somatic cell mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase D. reducing the volume of circulating blood E. disorders of the respiratory system F. decrease in minute blood volume G. reduced blood oxygen saturation H. chan...