Diseases of the thyroid gland in newborns
Hypothyroidism is a disease in which the function of the thyroid gland is reduced or completely absent. Congenital hypothyroidism, according to different authors, occurs in 1: 3000-1: 6000 newborns. Distinguish between primary hypothyroidism, when the structure of the thyroid gland is damaged (hypoplasia, aplasia, abnormal location); secondary, when TSH secretion is impaired, and tertiary - with impaired synthesis of thyroluberine in the hypothalamus. Hypothyroidism in newborns is in most cases congenital. It can be caused by a malformation of the thyroid gland, genetic defects in enzymes involved in the synthesis of hormones, insufficient intake of iodine in the fetus, thyroid diseases in the mother during pregnancy or shortly before its onset. All types of metabolism are impaired in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Inhibition of protein synthesis leads to an increase in serum albumin and a decrease in globulin fractions, anemia and an increa...