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Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system (Astrocytoma, Glioblastoma, Meningioma) Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Tumors of the Nervous system Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Astrocytoma Astrocytoma Description of the macro preparation: Neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Benign neuroectodermal tumors are astrocytoma (glioma), oligodendroglioma. Astrocytoma is a macroglial benign tumor from astrocytes. There are the following histological forms of astrocytomas: fibrillary, protoplasmatic, mast cell (giant cell) astrocytoma, and mixed.  Macroscopically the formation o...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Nervous system infections (meningococcal meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, encephalitis, neurosyphilis, poliomyelitis, rabies, toxoplasmosis) Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Nervous system infections Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Purulent meningitis Purulent meningitis Description of the macro preparation: In  Macro- preparation , the brain is seen from the side of its upper - lateral surfaces. Under the pia mater, an accumulation of exudate of white-yellow color, the consistency of thick sour cream, is determined. This is a purulent exudate. The exudate lies on the surface of...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Cerebrovascular diseases - Brain hemorrhage, Ischemic cerebral infarction, Intracranial hematoma Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Cerebrovascular diseases Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Descriptionofthemicropreparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Brain hemorrhage Brain hemorrhage Description of the macro preparation: Macrodrug is presented in the form of a brain. The size of the brain is enlarged, the brain is swollen. The convolutions are flattened, the grooves are smoothed, the brain is swollen. The substance of the brain is full-blooded, juicy. In this place, the brain tissue is destroyed and a cavity is formed filled with blood clots and softened brain tissue...

The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (V3), launched from the superficial temporal artery and veins, and also provides sensory innervation to various regions on the side of the head. Ear-temporal nerve , n. auriculotemporalis departs from the mandibular nerve near the foramen ovale in two bundles that cover a. meningea media. Further, the nerve goes along the medial surface of the articular process of the lower jaw and penetrates into the bed of the parotid gland, through which it passes upward into the temporal region. The posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve is for the most part sensory but receives a few filaments from the motor root. It divides into  auriculotemporal, lingual,   and  inferior alveolar nerves. The   Auriculotemporal Nerve   (  n. Auriculotemporalis   ) generally  arises  by two roots, between which the middle meningeal artery ascends. It runs backward bene...

  In Pathology of the Nervous System - All pathological processes in the nervous system leading to the disorder of its activity begin with damage to the tissue elements of the nervous system , first of all - neurons (membranes, receptors, ion channels, second mediators, genetic apparatus). It is also important for the state of interneuronal relationships (structural and functional connections), developing both within individual nerve formations (nuclei, neural networks), and between them.   GENERAL ETIOLOGY - PATHOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM According to Nervous System Pathology, The causes of  damage to elements of the nervous system can be exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous causes can be physical, chemical, biological, or psychogenic (eg, traumatic situations, fearful images, sounds, sensations). Endogenous factors: impaired circulation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, imbalance of biologically active substances or their effects (hormones, cytokines, ...

  Nervous diseases  are pathological changes of various etiologies in the functionality of the nervous system. These diseases are the subject of research in a special science - neurology. The nervous system (NS) includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral (nerve branches from the spinal cord and brain), and ganglia (nerve nodes). The nervous system is ramified and interconnects human systems and organs. It is for this reason that nervous diseases directly affect the state of each system of the body, primarily the immune, endocrine, and cardiovascular. The feedback is also observed: dysfunctions of any of the systems (mainly the immune system) cause various nervous diseases.   Diseases of the nervous system: classification Diseases of the nervous system, depending on their etiology, are divided into 5 groups.  1. Vascular diseases of the nervous system. These pathologies arise from disturbances in the stru...

  Diseases of the nervous system The nervous systems are responsible for the work and interconnection of all systems and organs of the human body. It unites the central nervous system , which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system , which includes the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord. Nerve endings provide motor activity and sensitivity to all parts of our body. A separate autonomic (autonomic) nervous system inverts the cardiovascular system and other organs.  Diseases of the nervous system represent a wide and varied field of pathologies of various etiologies and symptoms. This is due to the fact that the nervous system is extremely ramified, and each of its subsystems is unique. Most often, the dysfunction of the nervous system has a detrimental effect on the functions of other internal organs and systems.     Types of diseases of the nervous system All diseases of the nervous system can be divided into vascul...