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Pathology of Stromal-Vascular Dystrophy  (mesenchymal, extracellular degenerations) develops as a result of metabolism disorder in the connective tissue and is identified in the stroma of organs and the vascular wall. Development of  Stromal   Vascular   Dystrophy  occurs in the gistion. Gistion is complex, which includes the microvasculature with the surrounding elements of connective tissue: ground substance, fibrous structures, and connective tissue cells. In the case of metabolism disorder, there is an accumulation of metabolism products, which are brought with the blood and lymph, or may be accumulated due to perverted synthesis, in the intercellular substance. Morphogenetic mechanisms of  Stromal Vascular Dystrophy  are such mechanisms as infiltration and perverted synthesis of substances. Causes of  Stromal Vascular Dystrophy  according to  pathology , are infectious and allergic diseases, rheumatic diseases, diseases of blood cir...

Parenchymatous dystrophies or Parenchymal Dystrophy (cell degenerations) is based on metabolism disorder and structural changes that occur in specialized cells of parenchymatous organs (liver, myocardium, kidneys). Besides, there is a metabolism disorder of membranous and cytoplasmic proteins, which leads to a change in  their physical and chemical characteristics. The trigger mechanism is the en zyme deficiency - enzymopathies. Table Of Contents Parenchymatous protein dystrophy (proteinosis) -  Parenchymatous protein dystrophy is morphologically characterized by  the appearance of protein granules in the cell cytoplasm. However, the appearance of protein granules may be of a physiological nature, as a manifestation of compensatory and adaptive reaction, without changing its physical and chemical  characteristics and be the result of the physiological activity of cells.  Parenchymatous protein dystrophy includes granular dystrophy, hya line-drop dystrophy, hydro...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary emphysema). Interstitial lung disease Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis Description of the macro preparation: Mainly in lining of the bronchial tubes which are mainly used for flow of air. And also, Bronchioles, Alveoli and Air sacs. Mucus hypertrophy cause hyper-secretion of mucus and with Subsequent Inflammatory cells infiltration cause chronicinflammation in bronchioles, and Brochi. Lumen - Narrow, Mucus Plus are pre...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Acute pneumonia (lobar, bronchopneumonia, interstitial or Hemorrhagic pneumonia) Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Acute pneumonia Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Lobar pneumonia Lobar pneumonia Description of the macro preparation: In The lower lobe of Right Lung and Usually Unilateral Surface is rough and dry due to Fibrinous exudate on the pleura and right lung was heavier than normal The parenchyma of Right lower lung will mottled reddish grey. alveolar fluid rich and vascular engorgement and RBCs and neutrophils will less then normal in this condition The Pneumonia of the lung can diffuse con...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system (Astrocytoma, Glioblastoma, Meningioma) Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Tumors of the Nervous system Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Astrocytoma Astrocytoma Description of the macro preparation: Neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Benign neuroectodermal tumors are astrocytoma (glioma), oligodendroglioma. Astrocytoma is a macroglial benign tumor from astrocytes. There are the following histological forms of astrocytomas: fibrillary, protoplasmatic, mast cell (giant cell) astrocytoma, and mixed.  Macroscopically the formation o...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Nervous system infections (meningococcal meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, encephalitis, neurosyphilis, poliomyelitis, rabies, toxoplasmosis) Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Nervous system infections Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Purulent meningitis Purulent meningitis Description of the macro preparation: In  Macro- preparation , the brain is seen from the side of its upper - lateral surfaces. Under the pia mater, an accumulation of exudate of white-yellow color, the consistency of thick sour cream, is determined. This is a purulent exudate. The exudate lies on the surface of...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Cerebrovascular diseases - Brain hemorrhage, Ischemic cerebral infarction, Intracranial hematoma Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Cerebrovascular diseases Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Descriptionofthemicropreparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Brain hemorrhage Brain hemorrhage Description of the macro preparation: Macrodrug is presented in the form of a brain. The size of the brain is enlarged, the brain is swollen. The convolutions are flattened, the grooves are smoothed, the brain is swollen. The substance of the brain is full-blooded, juicy. In this place, the brain tissue is destroyed and a cavity is formed filled with blood clots and softened brain tissue...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Acute and chronic leukemia - Changes in Liver, Lung, and Spleen Describe the following macro and micro preparations of  Acute and chronic leukemia Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Descriptionofthemicropreparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of  Liver in leukemia Liver in leukemia Description of the macro preparation: Liver liver is usually nontender and firm with a smooth surface enlarged and extensive lymphocytic infiltration in the portal tracts with functional impairment of the liver in late stages Liver enlargement and elevation of liver enzymes related to specific involvement by the underlying disease are well-recognized features in these patients B-CLL lymphocytes are posit...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Lymph node with lymphogranulomatosis Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Thyroid disease (goiter) Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Descriptionofthemicropreparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of  lymphogranulomatosis lymphogranulomatosis Description of the macro preparation: Lymph nodes of Neck Peripheral lymph nodes generally – cervical, axillary, inguinal Surface condition In the beginning – Gray pink color of lymph node Picture is erased In Later – Dry Lymph Node Lymph node areas with necrosis and sclerosis Sectional view Juicy lymph nodes Dense lymph node primary tumors (lymphomas) fleshy mass the involved lymph node is enlarged Firm The condition of the cavities...