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  In Pathology of the Nervous System - All pathological processes in the nervous system leading to the disorder of its activity begin with damage to the tissue elements of the nervous system , first of all - neurons (membranes, receptors, ion channels, second mediators, genetic apparatus). It is also important for the state of interneuronal relationships (structural and functional connections), developing both within individual nerve formations (nuclei, neural networks), and between them.   GENERAL ETIOLOGY - PATHOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM According to Nervous System Pathology, The causes of  damage to elements of the nervous system can be exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous causes can be physical, chemical, biological, or psychogenic (eg, traumatic situations, fearful images, sounds, sensations). Endogenous factors: impaired circulation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, imbalance of biologically active substances or their effects (hormones, cytokines, ...

  Nervous diseases  are pathological changes of various etiologies in the functionality of the nervous system. These diseases are the subject of research in a special science - neurology. The nervous system (NS) includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral (nerve branches from the spinal cord and brain), and ganglia (nerve nodes). The nervous system is ramified and interconnects human systems and organs. It is for this reason that nervous diseases directly affect the state of each system of the body, primarily the immune, endocrine, and cardiovascular. The feedback is also observed: dysfunctions of any of the systems (mainly the immune system) cause various nervous diseases.   Diseases of the nervous system: classification Diseases of the nervous system, depending on their etiology, are divided into 5 groups.  1. Vascular diseases of the nervous system. These pathologies arise from disturbances in the stru...

  Diseases of the nervous system The nervous systems are responsible for the work and interconnection of all systems and organs of the human body. It unites the central nervous system , which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system , which includes the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord. Nerve endings provide motor activity and sensitivity to all parts of our body. A separate autonomic (autonomic) nervous system inverts the cardiovascular system and other organs.  Diseases of the nervous system represent a wide and varied field of pathologies of various etiologies and symptoms. This is due to the fact that the nervous system is extremely ramified, and each of its subsystems is unique. Most often, the dysfunction of the nervous system has a detrimental effect on the functions of other internal organs and systems.     Types of diseases of the nervous system All diseases of the nervous system can be divided into vascul...

The pathophysiology of higher nervous activity studies the mechanisms of occurrence and development of deviations from the normal functioning of the higher functions of the human and animal brain. About animals, the term "experimental pathophysiology of higher nervous activity" is used, which implies the simulation of individual symptoms and syndromes of the pathology of the higher functions of the human brain in animals and their study by objective research methods, primarily by the method of conditioned reflexes. The theoretical provisions of the pathophysiology of higher nervous activity are based on the teachings of I.P. Pavlova (Fig. 22-1) on conditioned reflexes. However, at present, the pathophysiology of the higher nervous activity Most make extensive use of modern achievements in neurophysiology and neuropathology and is based on experimental data established by combining the method of conditioned reflexes with electrophysiological, morphological, biochemical, and ot...