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Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary emphysema). Interstitial lung disease Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis Description of the macro preparation: Mainly in lining of the bronchial tubes which are mainly used for flow of air. And also, Bronchioles, Alveoli and Air sacs. Mucus hypertrophy cause hyper-secretion of mucus and with Subsequent Inflammatory cells infiltration cause chronicinflammation in bronchioles, and Brochi. Lumen - Narrow, Mucus Plus are pre...

Macro preparation and Micro preparation of Acute pneumonia (lobar, bronchopneumonia, interstitial or Hemorrhagic pneumonia) Describe the following macro and micro preparations of Acute pneumonia Description of the macro preparation: Which body or part thereof is represented Surface condition Sectional view The condition of the cavities The prevalence of the process Conclusion  Description of the micro preparation Which organ tissue is represented Structural changes The prevalence of the process Conclusion   Macro and Micro Preparations of Lobar pneumonia Lobar pneumonia Description of the macro preparation: In The lower lobe of Right Lung and Usually Unilateral Surface is rough and dry due to Fibrinous exudate on the pleura and right lung was heavier than normal The parenchyma of Right lower lung will mottled reddish grey. alveolar fluid rich and vascular engorgement and RBCs and neutrophils will less then normal in this condition The Pneumonia of the lung can diffuse con...

Bronchial Asthma - Causes, Pathogenesis, Classification, symptoms, Complications, Diagnostics, Treatment, Forecast and prevention Bronchial asthma  is a chronic non-infectious disease of the respiratory tract of an inflammatory nature. An attack of bronchial asthma often develops after precursors and is characterized by a short, sharp breath and a noisy prolonged exhalation. It is usually accompanied by a cough with viscous phlegm and loud wheezing sounds. Diagnostic methods include the assessment of spirometry data, peak flowmetry, allergy tests, clinical and immunological blood tests. In treatment, aerosol beta-adrenergic agonists, m-anticholinergics, ASIT are used; in severe forms of the disease, glucocorticosteroids are used.   General information Over the past two decades, the incidence of bronchial asthma (BA) has increased, and today there are about 300 million asthmatics in the world. This is one of the most common chronic diseases to whic...

  Dyspnea Cough Sputum Systemic symptoms Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation Bronchial asthma difficult breathing dry, non-productive cough and viscous mucus Thicker white mucus due to release of maximum WBC. - shortness of breath - cough (worse at night) - wheezing (high-pitched whistling sound) - typically with exhalation - wheezing or whistling (Which mean inflammation) - nose and throat for swelling and drainage that could be caused by allergies. - Expiratory Dyspnea - Cyanosis - Changes in form of intercostals, supraclavicular, subcostals and Sternal Retraction - Barrel Chest & Elevated chest - decrease in symmetrically chest wall expansion. - decrease in vocal fermitis   - Resonance (Hyper or Normal) - Acute Emphysema - Checking the sounds of the lungs - course crackle, grunting wheezes - Normal or Reduce Breath sound ...